Workers Motivation

fashioners MotivationSince this day homophiley theories have been developed trying to identify what lies behind the pauperization of effecters. What is it that pushes imparters to improve their perfor gentlemance, increase their effort and last feel part of an governing? Motivation is a conscious decision to perform one or more activities with greater effort than other competing activities (Roberts and Corbett, 2009, thought Organisational Behaviour IB1230 p.240). It could be interpreted that motivation being a conscious decision can non be forced, but bargonly be triggered by annihilaters using sure methods. However, even today many private instructors refuse to give up Taylorism and the use of the scientific management. As a settlement the idea of the rational economic man noneffervescent exists and managers still treat the workers as cogs in a machine presumed that they are motivated only by contribute. This essay allow argue that today job has come to be a way to make a living, and pay is just the mean for a better living but not what motivates people to work (Gostick and Elton). Pay itself does not motivate people to improve their performance or increase their effort. What people desire beyond their material well-being, that pay can offer, is self-fulfilment and a sense of belonging.To begin with, the strong suit of the scientific management has been challenged many times but the first blow was the Hawthorne Studies conducted by Elton Mayo in the 1920s. Until then workers had mostly no saying on the decision-making or work mold, and based on McGregors surmisal X, were seen as genetically lazy, with no real ambitions. With his examine Mayo compulsioned to show the relation of productivity and the poor working conditions and how this could be controlled by alternating any(prenominal) factors of the working environment. However, productivity was increasing some(prenominal) the working conditions, leading to the conclusion that worker s wanted to perform better in return of the interest that the managers had shown to them. The results of this study challenged the established conception of the rational economic man and brought the era of the social man and McGregors Theory Y. Workers are still human beings when they enter the factory door with feelings and ambitions, in search of self-actualisation. So this leads to the conclusion that motivation is affected by social factors as well, and sometimes workers place more importance to these than pay itself.Self-actualisation needs were what Maslow considered to be the highest level in his Hierarchy of Needs. Maslow support the view that people must firstly satisfy each before they can move on to the higher-order needs. It is believed that self-actualisation is what continuously motivate workers as it is never effectuate but always pursued. However, what managers must understand is that once they offered to workers the taste of self-achievement and freedom it is diffi cult to then remove them. Also self-actualisation is not only achieved through and through work and individuals progress in this pyramid. It is achieved at divergent times by individuals and using different methods by their managers (Fincham and Rhodes). FIGURE 1.1-Source Lecture Notes Herzberg further developed this idea in his Two Factor Theory where he presented job satisfaction to be a result of the motivators and job dissatisfaction as a result of the hygiene factors. thence it was assumed that different factors let to either job satisfaction or dissatisfaction. MotivatorsHygiene FactorsAchievementCompany PolicyWork itselfSupervisionResponsibilityWork conditionsAdvancementPayFIGURE 1.2-Source Lecture NotesIt can be argued that there are similarities with Maslows Hierarchy of Needs as motivators satisfy the top needs of the pyramid whereas hygiene factors fulfil the basic human needs. Pay here is assumed to be a factor that leads to job dissatisfaction when is not met and thu s included in the hygiene factors. It is broadly believed that workers with a satisfied pay will not necessarily be encouraged to perform better but only manage not to be dissatisfied. On the other hand, if the work itself is challenging and there is a potential of recognition, this is more likely to keep workers motivated and devoted to the organisation. That is wherefore Herzberg talks about job enrichment, a means to encourage motivation by building greater responsibility and variety into a job (Roberts and Corbett, 2009, consciousness Organisational Behaviour IB1230 p.248). After all, as he argued, the very nature of motivators, as opposed to hygiene factors, is that they have a much longer-term effect on employees attitudes (Herzberg, 2003, maven More Time How Do You Motivate Employees? p. 70). Therefore it can be assumed that pay is just a short-term solution to the motivation conundrum since when they reach a satisfies economic position then they will turn their attention to the social factors.However, Herzbergs Theory did not come about without criticisms that compromise its effectiveness in motivating the workers. It is argued that his research was not objective as it only included accountants and engineers, occupations that were considered to be profitable. In addition, as it is clearly illustrated by Heiders Attribution Theory people tend to attach successes to internal factors and externalise any failures. As a result the interviewees blamed the managers for feeling dissatisfied from their job and on the other hand, recognised themselves as the main factor leading to job satisfaction. Another strong criticism involves the fact that the workers may not have been honest of what rattling motivates them, offering therefore a reason why pay is included as a hygiene factor (Fincham and Rhodes). It was argued that this behaviour may exist because workers want to be socially accepted and thus portrait themselves to be motivated by a more noble factor than pay (Rynes, Gerhart and Minette). Recent studies still draw the same conclusions as the one carried out by Herzberg more than 50 years ago. Workers are more likely to contribute to the work process if they feel comfortable in the work environment, close to their managers and have a sense of achievement. Once more, pay did not play a study place in motivating people since the pursue of self-actualisation remains the major concern of workers and their ultimate goal (Bassett-Jones and Lloyd).Moreover, pay has a major role in Adams fair-mindedness Theory where workers are presented to be motivated by pay in relative terms quite a than in absolute. Money can be calculated and thus it allows comparisons to be made leading to the importance of equity and fairness as a factor of motivation. Therefore it is argued that workers are more likely to improve their performance if they consider their pay to be fair relative to the effort they had put and the effort of the others. This ide a is supported by the experiment held out by Adams where the students who they receive higher pay relative to their efforts were motivated to work harder in order to restore equity in the exchange (Fincham and Rhodes, 2005, Principles of Organisational Behaviour p.203). However, there is the chance that conflict maybe arise because workers and managers have different perceptions of what the effort the workers must be and the pay that is considered to be fair for that effort. Beyond the theories the managers can put in practice, they must firstly realise that the workers are individuals with different needs, values, experiences, that have an impact on what in conclusion motivates them. As said before, people are on different levels on the Hierarchy of Needs pyramid and place different value on different hygiene factors and motivators (see figures 1.1 and 1.2). In order for this obstacle to be overwhelm the managers must concentrate on the individuals who work in the organisation. What drives the motivation of the each worker may change, because of different circumstances. Known the worker on a individualised level gives the advantage to change the behaviour towards them. It is true that with the current crisis and the growing fear of the unemployment many workers do not have the feeling of security in their job. Thus this is their motivation for the specific time and what the managers must try to restore. However it could be argued that in this decision-making process the workers must have the chance to be hear and a compromise decision to be reached in order for any organisation to have a brighter future.On the other hand, inter-group conflict may be aroused because of managers expectations concerning certain groups. What managers expect of subordinates and the way they treat them largely determine their performance and career progress (Livingston J.S, 2003, Pygmalion in Management p.176). Therefore if a manager expects a group to perform baldy and not be able to reach a certain target, this demotivates the individuals of the group and their performance is declined as expected. However, this may not always be the case since the individuals desire to prove the manager wrong may drive them to improve their performance and thus raise the expectations which the manager previously had. It could be argued that the conflict is sometimes desirable as it changes the behaviour of the workers to the lift out which it is in line with the interactionist approach. In this example pay did not play the major part in motivating workers even though it could be claimed that the individuals improve their performance in order to receive a better reward. However Herzbergs chase would argue that what really motivated the group was the job that became more challenging and gave the opportunity of self-achievement and recognition.Of course, the behaviour of the workers is affected by the organisations structure and culture. According to Maslow workers pur sue their self-actualisation through work and therefore it could be argued that the organisational performance will depend ultimately on the extent to which individuals are provided with the opportunity to satisfy their own goals by impart to the goals of the organisation (Mullins J., 2008, Essentials of Organisational Behaviour p.355). People are more likely to be motivated and feel part of an organisation when they share the same values, beliefs and attitudes. Therefore the organisation policy may focus on the pay as a measure to reward better performance and to the individual needs of the workers. It is true that some workers will be motivated through this but for the wrong reasons. The organisations structure encourages them to behave unethical in order to gain a raise in their pay or a promotion (Luecke, 2006). Indeed the ideas that people work for money and that more money rewards mean better performance are only just myths. As argued before, people look for something deeper in doing their work and managers who ignore that and continue to bribe their employees in fact they pay the price in a lack of loyalty and commitment(Pfeffer J., 2003, Six dangerous myths about pay p.99). Of course the policy of the organisation and its structure depends on which country it operates as there are different perceptions of what motivates people. This is evident from a survey in 2000 where among eight countries U.K valued good pay the highest. However, this is a result of the different methods used in these countries from which British companies may learn in order to rely less on pay to motivate their workers. In conclusion, pay does motivate people but this will not last in the long-run. Money is the means for a better life but is mostly seen as a condition to work rather than related to particular effort (Handy C., 1993, Understanding organisations p.52). Once the workers achieve their material well-being they will try to satisfy their desire for self-fulfilment. As a result pay does motivate to some extent and mostly at the beginning of someones career but then he/she will pursue recognition, achievement and finally self-actualisation. Therefore managers must strive to learn their workers on a personal level, consider their worries and needs in order to discover what ultimately motivates them to give their best effort. The Tandem Computer took this step, and moved away from offering money for better performance to being more concerned of keeping their workers satisfying through the work itself. Therefore it would not even tell you your salary before expecting you to accept the work (Pfeffer J., 2003, Six dangerous myths about pay p.93). More organisations must have this difficult step in order to depend less on money and offer their workers greater opportunities for personal growth.BibliographyRoberts, Ashley and Corbett, Martin,2009. Understanding Organisational Behaviour IB1230 Warwick Business naturalize McGraw-Hill Custom issueFincham, R obin and Rhodes, Peter,2005. Principles of Organisational Behaviour Fourth Edition. Oxford Oxford University PressMullins Laurie J.,2008. Essentials of Organisational Behaviour Second Edition. Harlow England New York Financial Times/Prentice Hall Timpe Dale. A, 1986. Motivation of Personnel. Aldershot Gower Publishing Company LimitedGostick Adrian And Elton Chester, 2009. The Carrot Principle. London Simon Schuster UK LtdHandy Charles, 1993. Understanding Organisations Fourth Edition. London England Penguin GroupGrey Chris, 2009. A Very Short, Fairly Interesting and passably Cheap Book About Studying Organizations Second Edition London SAGE Publications LtdHerzberg Frederick, Mausner Bernard, Snyderman Barbara Bloch, 1993. The motivation to Work Second revised Edition. New Brunswick New island of Jersey Transaction PublishersLatham Gary P., 2007. Work Motivation History, Theory, Research, and Practice. Thousand Oaks California Sage Publications, Inc.USB LECTURESManville Brook and Ober Josiah, 2003. Beyond Empowerment Building a Company of Citizens Harvard Business Review, 81(1), pp. 48-53Fryer Bronwyn, 2003. locomote Mountains Harvard Business Review, 81(1), pp. 41-47Herzberg Frederick, 2003. One More Time How to you motivate Employees? Harvard Business Review, 81(1), pp.86-86Luecke Richard, 2006. Harvard Business Essential Performance Management. Boston Massachusetts Harvard Business School Press Kerr Steve, 2003. The Best-Laid motivator Plans Harvard Business Review, 81(1), pp.27-37Nicholson Nigel, 2003. How to motivate your problem employees Harvard Business Review, 81(1) pp.57-65Livingston Sterling. J, 2003. Pygmalion in Management Harvard Business Review, 81(1) pp.97-106Levinson Harry, 2003. Management by whose objectives? Harvard Business Review, 81(1) pp.107-116 McClelland David C., Burnham David H., 2003. Power is the great motivator Harvard Business Review, 81(1) pp.117-126Goleman Daniel, 2000. leaders that gets results Harvard Business Review, 7 8(2) pp.78-90Manzoni Jean-Franois, Barsoux Jean-Louis, 1998. The Set-Up-To-Fail Syndrome Harvard Business Review, 76(2) pp.101-113Pfeffer Jefferey, 1998. Six Dangerous Myths About Pay Harvard Business Review 76(3) pp.109-119Goffee Rob, Jones Gareth, 1996. What holds the modern Company together? Harvard Business Review, 74(6) pp.133-148

Prevelence of Inguinal Hernia in Men Caused by Mosquito

Prevelence of Inguinal Hernia in Men Caused by MosquitoPREVELENCE OF INGUINAL HERNIA IN men CAUSED BY MOSQUITO VECTOR IN TANGA COAST LAND CASE STUDY MUHEZASTUDENT NAME BARABARA JOHNContents (Jump to)INTRODUCTIONBackground informationlit Re prognosisProblem StatementObjectivesSpecific ObjectivesGeneral Objectivesreticuloendothelial systemearch questionnaireSignifi back endce of the StudyStudy Area and SiteSampling and Sampling Techniques information solicitationData AnalysisConclusionReferencesINTRODUCTIONHernia is defined as the protrusion, swelling or exit of an organ the body w all(prenominal) that normally contains it. The inguinal herniationtiontiontion pass on when the protrusion occur through the inguinal render (Onuigbo WIB, et al 2016).This problem well-nigh of the time face men because of the inherent helplessness of the abdominal wall in the bea spermatic cord passes through the inguinal canal (National Center for health Statistics,1960)Hernia usually involve d ickens things,First is imperfection itself, k instantaneouslyn as the size and the location of the imperfection, a nonher thing is the hernia sac (pouch) which contain abdominal contents such as omentum, small intestine, colon or bladder, or the sac may be empty (SD, Sharma VM, et al 2013).There ar many types of hernia but most occurring hernia is groin hernias also other hernias it involve hiatus hernia, incisional hernia and umbilical hernia. (SD, Sharma VM, et al 2013)The inguinal hernia occur at the time when the winds pushes though a weak area in the scrotum, this phenomenon run to rounded swelling which distort a flat surface of the scrotum(groin).this swelling may hurt or may burn sometimes. Inguinal hernia occur in the scrotum where there is the deposition of the fatty tissues or intestinal tissues pushes through the inguinal canal. The inguinal canal resides at its lower part, both males and females have the inguinal canal. In men, the testes usually are situated downwa rd through this tubular duct shortly in the beginning restoration over.In women, the tubular duct is the location for the uterine ligament. If a hernia is in this area, it results in a protruding swelling that result into a itchy during movement.Most of the inguinal hernia occur because an impoliteing in the muscle wall do not close as it should be before birth, this result to a weak area in the front part of the human trunk muscles, Pressure on the weak area can result tissue to push through and swell out. A hernia can occur soon after birth or after some time in the life depending on the various factors that individual can be subjected with during the life time. People with more weight are facing more risk of grasp a hernia. Hernias are more common in men. A woman may get a hernia while she is pregnant because of the pressure on her belly wall.SYMPTOMSThe main symptom of an inguinal hernia is the swelling in the groin or scrotum in case of men, the swelling feels like a comp ress mass with an irregular shape. This swelling may form over a period of weeks or months or it may appear all of a choppy after been lifting heavy weights, coughing, bending, straining, or laughing. The hernia can be distressingnessful, but some hernias makes a swelling with no pain.Other symptoms includepain when coughing, exercising, or bending overburning sensationssharp paina heavy or full sensation in the groinTypes of Inguinal HerniasThere are two main types of hernia, which are, direct hernia and indirect hernia. The direct inguinal hernia is most occurring one and it is usually occur in premature birth at the time before the inguinal canal is fully developed, also it might happen any time during the life time and it is most occurring in males.A direct inguinal hernia most often occurs in adults. The popular belief is that weakening muscles during adulthood lead to a direct inguinal hernia. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), this type of hernia is more prevalent in men.Inguinal hernias can also be incarcerated or strangulated. An incarcerated inguinal hernia happens when tissue becomes stuck in the groin and cant go back. Strangulated versions are more serious medical conditions that restrict blood flow to the small intestine. Strangulated hernias are life-threatening and require emergency medical care.EPIDEMOLOGYInguinal hernia occur in both male and female, but are more common in males than in female and are more in whites compared with non-whites, it affect all ages but the more risk of inguinal hernia affix with the increase in age. With respect to the sex, females become apparent at the later age between the age of 40 to 60 years and from 60 to 79years .while in men it occur 10 years earlier. (Onuigbo WIB, et al 2016)BACKGROUND INFORMATIONHernias are among of the oldest recorded problem that cause illness in mankind and they are most seen in the groin or scrotum. (Onuigbo WIB, et al 2016) .The first report of hernia was published in 1853 by Bowditch. The disco rattling of artificially insensitive to pain drugs or induce by the admistration by the gases before the functional operation(anesthesia) and the development of drugs which prevent the infirmity causing microorganisms( nonpurulent) methods in the mid of 19th century change fundamentally the utilization of surgery. The development of these techniques including anesthesia techniques in the 1860s allowed more invasive methods to be used in the treatment of non-complicated inguinal hernias.The concluded method for the treatment of inguinal hernia is the surgical repair method regardless of its origin or its type (Onuigbo WIB, et al 2016).HERNIA REPAIR APROACHESOPEN ANTERIOR HERNIA REPAIR APROACHIn the late 19th century Trait introduced the basic surgical management of scrotum hernias that he used a trans- abdominal shape up shot to suture the defect this technique used the row of stiches holding together the edges of wound or a surgical incision where by a thread or wire is used. This approach fell from favor when Eduardo Bassini in 1887, introduced the first true anatomical repair of the inguinal herniaHenry O Marcy (1837-1924), a surgeon from the USA and a disciple of the English surgeon Joseph Lister, give a detailed account of two cases of incarcerated hernia that he treated surgically in 1871. Marcy, using Listerian antiseptic techniques, performed the standard operation of the day on these two patients he divided the hernia ring in the usual way with the hernial knife and reduced the incarcerated hernia. besides Marcy went more and more extensive with the hernia technique then in vogue, Rather than open the hernia sac, he reduced it and repaired the defect by shutdown the constricting ring with carbolized catgut suture.LAPAROSCOPIC APPROACHESIntroduced by Ger in 1982 into the armamentarium of hernia repairs ,since its introduction it have undergone considerably changes and it ha s been are source of most pro languished dis agreements. With the appearing of long and distinct period of history of laparoscopic surgery, some surgeons had been suggested to apply this new technology (prosthetic material) on the laparoscopic hernias surgery because it (the laparoscopic surgery) fulfils all the primary and secondary points for the perfect hernia surgery.The very important point that is provided by laparoscopic surgery that it dealt with the hernia at the point of its origin exactly within the abdominal cavity at the level of the scrotum holes, and not at the inguinal canal, where the hernial sac follows its way.Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair technique was initiated in early 1990s and build on the originally championed by Ren Stoppa (open preperitoneal approaches). similarly Ger in 1982 made effort to archive a minimal access groin hernia repair by closing the opening of an indirect inguinal hernial sac using Michel clips.In 1989, Bogojavlensky reported filling an indirect hernia defect with a plug of polypropylene mesh followed by laparoscopic suture closure of the internal ring.In 1990, Phillips and McKenna developed totally extra peritoneal (TEP) technique with or without peritoneoscopy. In 1991 Arregui give a detailed information about transabnormial preperitoneal (TAPP) approach with full exposure of the inguinal floor and placement of a large preperitoneal prosthesis.Toy and Smoot in 1991 give a detailed informationabout a technique of intraperitoneal on lay mesh (IPOM) placement, where by an intraabdominal piece of polypropylene or e-polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) was stapled over the myopectineal orifice without opening of the peritoneumDuring the same period, Phillips and McKernan gave a detailed account on TEP technique of endoscopic hernioplasty (where an instrument was introduced into the body to view its internal parts) where the peritoneal cavity is not breached and the entire dissection is performed bluntly (without sharp edge instruments) in the extraperitoneal space with a balloon device or the tip of the laparoscope itselfThe advancement of the knowledge of human anatomy in inguinal region is vital importance in the surgical skills of the distemper. Once the dissection is complete, a 15 - 10 cm mesh is stapled in place over the myopectineal orifice(most common now days).In all of the rapairs the mesh is in physical contact fascia of the transversalis muscle in the preperitoneal space, allows tissue ingrowths leading to the fixation of the mesh (as opposed to being in contact to the peritoneum as in IPOM repair where it is prone to migrate). The two techniques (TAPP and TEP) proved more effective and emerged as the most popular.These repairs approach the myopectineal orifice posteriorly, similar in anatomical perspective to the open preperitoneal approaches. A clear understanding of the anatomy from this perspective is crucial to avoid a publication of complications, mainly vascular and nerve in juries. Laparoscopy provides a clear view of the entire myopectineal orifice, and repairs of both inguinal and femoral hernias can be performedLITERATURE REVIEWAlthough the incidence and prevalence of inguinal hernias worldwide is unknown, it is estimated, that in the United States, most about 4.5 million people have inguinal hernia while in Jerusalem, it was documented as 18 per 100 men aged 25 and over.Less is known about epidemiology of inguinal hernia in resource poor setting, according to the currently research it shows that in Tanzania the inguinal hernial prevalence in adults is 5.36% and approximately 12.09% of men live with hernia. While in Great Britain about 7000 repairs are performed each year, this indicate that about 0.14% of the whole population own from hernia (Onuigbo WIB, et al 2016).PROBLEM STATEMENTInguinal hernia is common surgical problem in both developed and developing countries. Sometimes it can birth a surgical misunderstanding even for the skilled surge on when the swell contain unusual contents, surgery is the only way to deal with abnormal contents raised in the swelling (Onuigbo WIB, et al 2016).The surgery is the basic care for an individuals suffer from inguinal hernia (groin hernia) which is most common problem. About 96% of all scrotal hernias are regarded as inguinal hernias and the remaining 4% are formal. Surgical practice of inguinal hernia is most common operations performed now days .inguinal hernia is the one of the most important problem in a public health, also another problem of hernia is that it can it can present a danger problem even for a skilled surgeon because many disease contagious disease can be regarded as hernia (Onuigbo WIB, et al 2016).Inguinal hernia is disease that affect most people in a sea-coastal area (case study Tanga) that cause the inflammation and pain full in the testes (scrotum), according to the previously research shows less has been done to prevent the spread of the disease and to impr ove the awareness of individuals towards the disease also he improvement of medication and repair system has to be improved.OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYSpecific objectives1. To assess the number of individual who are living with the disease2. To assess the number of individuals who are in a risk of being infected by the disease3. To assess the availability of diagnosis and the treatment of the diseaseGeneral objectives1.To proceed the government and non-governmental institutions to assist the diagnosis and treatment of the disease2.To understand the magnitude of the disease in Tanzania especially in Tanga coast landQUESTIONNAIREQuestion. What is an inguinal hernia?Indicator inguinal hernia is a swelling of scrotumQuestion. What causes an inguinal hernia?Indicator is the defect that individual born with it, also may be infectionQuestion. What are the symptoms of an inguinal hernia?Indicator swelling and pain full in the scrotum during caught or lifting heavy objectsQuestion. Why do most of people suffer from the disease do not get treatments?Indicator because most f people inherit the weakness that cause the disease from their parentsQuestion is the treatment for the disease enough to fight the disease?Indicator the treatment may vary according to the area where individual lives, other areas are with high social go but others are notQuestion Do you understand how the disease is transmitted?Indicator7. Question Do you know what organism transmit the disease?IndicatorSIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYAt the end of this research the community awareness towards the disease will increase hence the prevention measures will increase and the number of individuals who are at risk of being infected will be reduced.Also the diagnosis and treatment will be improved so as to fight the diseaseSTUDY AREAThe research shall be conducted in Tanga coast land case study MuhezaSAMPLING AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES precedent shall be selected from the population randomly in order to avoid biasness a nd obtain the accurate data for the problem of inguinal herniaDATA COLLECTION Data in this research shall be collected using research questionnaires that will be provided to the individuals member of community and answer the provided questions concerning with the inguinal hernia, case study Muheza Tanga coast land.DATA ANALYSISThe obtained data from the questionnaire will be analyzed using various data analytical methods such as SPSS and SASCONCLUSIONAll in all the research that will be conducted aim to improve the community awareness towards the disease among the individuals member of the community in Muheza influence the government and individuals to take the concern towards the disease and also to improve the community ability to fight against the disease.REFERENCESDebas HT, Donkor P, Gawande A, et al. 2015 Essential Surgery Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 1). editors, Washington (DC) The multinational Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank A pr 2.Fitzgibbons RJ, Richards AT, Quinn TH WS, Mitchell P, Fink MP, Jurkovich GJ, Kaiser LR, Pearce WH, Pemberton JH, Soper NJ, 2002. Open hernia repair. In Souba, editors. ACS Surgery Principles and Practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia, U.S.A Decker Publishing Inc. pp. 828-849H. ABRAMSON, J. GOFIN, C. HOPP, AND A. MAKLER Journal of Epidemiology and union Health, 1978, 32, 59-67J. Department of Social Medicine, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School and Hadassah University Hospital, JerusalemHarvinder Singh Pahwa, Awanish Kumar, Prerit Agarwal, Akshay Anand Agarwal. World Journal of Clinical Cases, Department of Surgery, King Georgee Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaNational Center for Health Statistics (1960). Hernias Reported in Interviews United States July 1957-June 1959. Health Statistics from the US National Health Survey, Series B. No. 25, pp. 6-7. US Department of Health, Education and Welfare Washington DCOnuigbo WIB, Njeze GE (2016) Inguinal Hernia . A Review. J Surg Oper Care 1(2) 202. doi 10.15744/2455-7617.1.202SD, Sharma VM. J Med Res Rev 2013, Retrospective analysis of inguinal hernia repair by various methods in a teaching institute. Int1(5)240-244Venditti D, Rossi P, Lisi G, et al 2015. Anew prosthesis in inguinal hernia repair results of a pilot study. Surgery Res Open 2(2) 66-71.

Destiny of Oedipus the King :: essays research papers

Oedipus the King Sophocles demonstrates in the play Oedipus the King that a human being, not a God, ultimately determines destiny. That is, people conduct what they deserve. In this play, one poorly-made judgment results in tragic and inescapable density. Oedipus fights and kills Laius without knowing Laius is his father. Then, Oedipuss pitiless butchering causes several subsequent tragedies such as the incestuous marriage of Oedipus gets into the passage with Laius. However, Oedipuss characteristics after Laiuss death imply that Oedipus could avoid the fight as well as the murder of his father, but did not. Ultimately, Oedipus gets what he deserves due to his own characteristics that lead him to murder Laius impatience, delusion, and arrogance. One characteristic that leads Oedipus to flight his father is impatience. Oedipus?s impatience is obvious when Creon reports news from Apollo. After Creon says only two sentences, Oedipus cuts him off by saying, ?but what were the deity?s words? There is no hope / and nothing to fear in fear in what you?ve said so far? (1302). Oedipus is too all-important(a) to listen to even three sentences from Creon. Oedipus also shows his impatience during a conversation with Tiresias. Oedipus blames Tiresias, who is reluctant to tell Oedipus that Oedipus himself is the murderer. Looking at the impatience behavior it explains how Oedipus comes to flight Laius on the road out Corinth. Oedipus rushes into the flight without intellection whether it is necessary when Laius?s men ?shoulder Oedipus off the road.? It can be that Laius?s men think Oedipus as a common person, not royal because Oedipus is walking alone, or that the group is simply in a rush for some reason. However, Oedipus ?strikes Laius?s man in anger,? (1321) without thinking why Laius?s group acts against him. Oedipus acts like a modern day outlaw ? shoot first and ask questions later. In this way, Oedipus starts the fight without patience and as a result fulfills A pollo?s prophecy perfectly. Not only impatience but also delusion is a characteristic that leads Oedipus to fight his father. After listening to Laius?s assassin, Oedipus?s delusion is noticeable through his statement, ?Whoever killed the king might decide to kill me too, / with the same violent hand- by avenging Laius / I defend myself? (1304). Without every evidence to link Laius?s assassin to Oedipus, Oedipus believes the murderer who killed him. Another example of Oedipus?

Othello Passage :: essays research papers

Act V, Scene ii., lines 122-134Emilia.          O, who hath done this deed?Desdemona.          Nobody--I myself. Farewell. Commend me to my kind lord. O, farewellShe dies.Othello.          Why, how should she be murdred?Emilia.          Alas, who knows?Othello.          You heard her say herself, it was non I.Emilia.          She said so. I must needs report the truth.Othello.          Shes standardised a liar gone to burning hell Twas I that killed her.Emilia.          O, the more angel she,           And you the blacker getOthello.          She turned to folly, and she was a whore.Emil a.          Thou dost belie her, and thou art a devil.Othello.          She was as false as water.Emilia.          Thou art rash as implode to say          That she was false. O, she was heavenly trueOthellos grief and his deep love for Desdemona led to a series of actions and dialogue located at the climax of the story. The chosen passage focus came near the end of this work--just after Othello smothered Desdemona with her pillow. Shakespeare, simply and probably tritely put, was a genius. His artful mastery of meter, diction, imagery, and tone is matchless and captivates interest and thought like no other.Meter in a literary work, just like all other components, tin be a key factor in affecting the proofreaders thoughts and mood. Of course, this being Shakespeare, meter was utilized with a definite purpose. Because this portion of the play is dramatic and suspenseful, an erratic, loose structure is appropriate. The author "changed things up" and "kept the reader guessing" with regard to the structure and meter--thus causing even more suspense than what the plot had already provided.In this group of dialogue, Othello loses his usual poetic eloquence. His mental and delirious composure were compromised, thus impairing his diction. This temporary breach in character displayed his internal conflict and how it was affecting him as a person--for Othellos dignified speech, just as the way anyone speaks, was a part of him as a person.Displayed in many other works, contrasting imagery, or perhaps simply contrast in general, is present in my excerpt from Othello. For example, Emilia calls Desdemona an angel, while designating Othello a devil. Also, Othello says Desdemona was "as false as water" while, in the subsequent line Emilia accuses Othello as being "as rash as fire." By including these contrasts, Shakespeare heightened the intensity of the moment as well as expressed the mood and thoughts of the characters.There are many words that can describe the tone at this point in the play chaotic, confused, angry, impulsive. Emilias thought process is not so much shared by the reader as empathized by the reader--though we know whats going on, we can identify with her anger and confusion.

Compare and Contrast the two poems, London and Composed Upon Westminste

Compare and Contrast the two poems, London and Composed Upon Westminster BridgeBoth of the poets write about London in their poems. There is one bangingdifference between the form and the structure Composed UponWestminster Bridge is written in the form of a sonnet where as theLondon poem is just a four verse poem, each verse having four lines.Comparing the poems with one an other I first picked up that they areequally written from first person perspectives which helps to expressthat these are the writers real thoughts and feelings of the greatcity. Blake doesnt concentrate on the general scene Like thebuildings or the natural landscapes, He sees beyond all this and hethinks of the people who live there. He explains how everyone is sadand hopelessly depressed, he points out the prostitutes have no othermeans of earning money than to sell themselves and how the soldiershave to put their lives on the line whenever the king decides. Hemakes it interesting as he uses a lot of repeatin g in each stanza toemphasize his views, in every cry of every man...

Humanistic and Social Development Essay -- Education

The humanistic and social development curriculums are both excellent ways to design a physical education class. The humanistic approach focuses on helping students reach their maximum potential. This approach believes learning is viewed as a individual(prenominal) act to fulfill ones potential. On the other hand, the social development curriculum is designed for students to interact with peers to develop in a domineering way. Social development is the process of change exhibited by individuals resulting from their interaction with other individuals. These two curriculums are often interrelated. For instance, by developing socially, you can positively jar youre self-esteem. Therefore, by increasing your self-esteem, you can reach your full potential easier.When taking a closer look at the humanistic teaching approach, youll recrudesce five key components. These include choice or control, felt concern, the whole person, self-evaluation, and teaching as a facilitator. To begin, cho ice or control emphasizes more self-choice on the student. For example, you may let the student choose between different activities to participate in during physical education class. For instance you can have them choose if they take to play basketball or soccer. Next, you need to have felt concern for your students. This means that you focus on the concerns and interests of the students. If its January and you issue your students esteem going outside in the snow, then take your students for an outdoor hike. Having felt concern for your students leads us to the next point, learning about the whole person. In array to focus on the interests of your students, you need to learn about your students. You must know each student by name and take time to get to know them bet... ...ation lessons on. By combining humanistic teaching theories with social development theories you can create a positive learning environment. Both of these theories can then be applied to the physical educatio n classroom.Works CitedLynch, April, Barry Elmore, and Tanya Morgan. Choosing Health. Boston Benjamin Cummings, 2012. Print.Pangrazi, Robert P., and Paul W. Darst. Dynamic Physical Education for Secondary School Students Curriculum and Instruction. Boston Allyn and Bacon, 1997. Print.http//www.ahpweb.org/rowan_bibliography/chapter17.htmlhttp//muskingum.edu/psych/psycweb/ archives/rogers.htmlhttp//www.education.com/definition/social-development/http//www.btsd.us/subsite/nam/page/physical-education-1000http//www.simplypsychology.org/humanistic.htmlhttp//thamisgith.hubpages.com/hub/Humanistic-Theory-Hierarchy-Of-Needs

Essay on Antonio in The Merchant Of Venice -- Merchant Venice Essays

The Character of Antonio in The merchant Of Venice  Antonio is a wealthy merchant in the city of Venice. Although aboriginal to the play, Antonio is portrayed by Shakespeare as an  outcast. It seems that Antonio is chronically depressed and is not involved in the hearty atmosphere that is thriving in Venice.  In sooth, I whop not why I am so sad  It wearies me you say it wearies you  But how I caught it. Found it, or came by it,  What stuff tis made of, whereof it is born,  I am to learn1            Along with Shylock, both men seem bitter and lose difficulty  in expressing their emotions. On many occasions friends, much(prenominal) as  Salerio and Bassanio have questioned his affliction, trying to find an  explanation for their great unhappiness with themselves and with the  world. -    Salerio But break not me I know Antonio  Is sad to think upon his merchandise.2  Antonio i ntrust me, no I thank my fortune for it,  My ventures are not in one click trusted,  Nor to one place nor is my whole estate  Upon the fortune of this drink year  Therefore, my merchandise makes me not sad.3  Salanio Why, then are you in love.4  Antonio Fie, fie5            The mystery of Antonios sadness remains, as he dismisses the  prospect that his sadness is related to his ships or a lost love.  Uninterested in the world of suitors and marriage, Antonio is left  without his lifelong companion, Bassanio subsequently he travelled to Belmont  to woo Portia.       ... ...rchant he once was when his ships returned from sea laden with  goods. However, the only sadness for Antonio is that he has been  deprived of the chance to sacrifice himself as a gesture of his true  nobility.   Notes  1 merchant Of Venice. Act 1, snapshot 1. Lines 1-5 - Antonio.  2 Merchant Of Venice. Act 1, moving-picture show 1. Lines 39-40 - Salerio.  3 Merchant Of Venice. Act 1, Scene 1. Lines 41-45 - Antonio.  4 Merchant Of Venice. Act 1, Scene 1. Line 46 - Salanio.  5 Merchant Of Venice. Act 1, Scene 1. Line 47 - Antonio.  6 Merchant Of Venice. Act 1, Scene 3. Lines 126-133 - Antonio  7 Merchant Of Venice. Act 3, Scene 2. Lines 123-189 - Jessica  8 Merchant Of Venice. Act 4, Scene 1. Lines 280-285 - Bassanio  9 Merchant Of Venice. Act 4, Scene 1. Lines 286-287 - Portia/Doctor of Laws   Essay on Antonio in The Merchant Of Venice -- Merchant Venice Essays The Character of Antonio in The Merchant Of Venice  Antonio is a wealthy merchant in the city of Venice. Although central to the play, Antonio is portrayed by Shakespeare as an  outcast. It seems that Antonio is chronically depressed and is not involved in the social atmosphere that is thriving in Venice.  In sooth, I know not why I am so sad  I t wearies me you say it wearies you  But how I caught it. Found it, or came by it,  What stuff tis made of, whereof it is born,  I am to learn1            Along with Shylock, both men seem bitter and have difficulty  in expressing their emotions. On many occasions friends, such as  Salerio and Bassanio have questioned his sadness, trying to find an  explanation for their great unhappiness with themselves and with the  world. -    Salerio But tell not me I know Antonio  Is sad to think upon his merchandise.2  Antonio Believe me, no I thank my fortune for it,  My ventures are not in one bottom trusted,  Nor to one place nor is my whole estate  Upon the fortune of this present year  Therefore, my merchandise makes me not sad.3  Salanio Why, then are you in love.4  Antonio Fie, fie5            The mystery of Antonios sadness remains, as he dismisses the  prospect that his sadness is related to his ships or a lost love.  Uninterested in the world of suitors and marriage, Antonio is left  without his lifelong companion, Bassanio after he travelled to Belmont  to woo Portia.       ... ...rchant he once was when his ships returned from sea laden with  goods. However, the only sadness for Antonio is that he has been  deprived of the chance to sacrifice himself as a gesture of his true  nobility.   Notes  1 Merchant Of Venice. Act 1, Scene 1. Lines 1-5 - Antonio.  2 Merchant Of Venice. Act 1, Scene 1. Lines 39-40 - Salerio.  3 Merchant Of Venice. Act 1, Scene 1. Lines 41-45 - Antonio.  4 Merchant Of Venice. Act 1, Scene 1. Line 46 - Salanio.  5 Merchant Of Venice. Act 1, Scene 1. Line 47 - Antonio.  6 Merchant Of Venice. Act 1, Scene 3. Lines 126-133 - Antonio  7 Merchant Of Venice. Act 3, Scene 2. Lines 123-189 - Jessica  8 Merchant Of Venice. Act 4, Scene 1. Lines 280-285 - Bassanio  9 Merchant Of Venice. Act 4, Scene 1. Lines 286-287 - Portia/Doctor of Laws